Heat can also by itself cause sodium bicarbonate to act as a raising agent in baking because of thermal decomposition, releasing carbon dioxide at temperatures above 80 ☌ (180 ☏), as follows: 2 NaHCO 3 → Na 2CO 3 + H 2O + CO 2 Baking soda may be used together with sourdough, which is acidic, making a lighter product with a less acidic taste. The acid–base reaction can be generically represented as follows: NaHCO 3 + H + → Na + + CO 2 + H 2OĪcidic materials that induce this reaction include hydrogen phosphates, cream of tartar, lemon juice, yogurt, buttermilk, cocoa, and vinegar. When it reacts with acid, carbon dioxide is released, which causes expansion of the batter and forms the characteristic texture and grain in cakes, quick breads, soda bread, and other baked and fried foods. In cooking, baking soda is primarily used in baking as a leavening agent. The modern chemical formulas of these compounds now express their precise chemical compositions which were unknown when the name bi-carbonate of potash was coined (see also: bicarbonate). The prefix bi in bicarbonate comes from an outdated naming system predating molecular knowledge in reference to the two molar equivalents of carbon dioxide (known as carbonic acid in the ancient chemistry language) that potassium hydrocarbonate/bicarbonate releases upon decomposition to (di)potassium carbonate and to potassium oxide (potash). The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus (meaning "aerated salt"), was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Abbreviated colloquial forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, and bicarb are common. and in many northern/central European countries it is called Natron.
The term baking soda is more common in the United States, while bicarbonate of soda is more common in Australia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Because it has long been known and widely used, the salt has many different names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda and can often be found near baking powder in stores.
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